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Claudio Abbado
Claudio Abbado, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI〔 ((:ˈklaudjo abˈbaːdo); 26 June 1933 – 20 January 2014) was an Italian conductor. One of the most celebrated and respected conductors of the 20th century, particularly in the music of Gustav Mahler, he served as music director of the La Scala opera house in Milan, principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra, principal guest conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, music director of the Vienna State Opera, and principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic orchestra.
== Family history and early life ==
The Abbado family is descended from a Moorish king, Abdul Abbad, who had fled Al-Andalus hundreds of years earlier and arrived in Piedmont, Italy. In time, Abdul married an Italian and created a family estate that eventually was given the name "Castello Abaddo". The family changed their name to Abbado, and for several generations enjoyed both wealth and respect. Abbado's great-grandfather squandered the family fortune and reputation by gambling. His son, Abbado's grandfather, became a professor at the University of Turin.〔 His grandfather re-established the family's reputation and also showed talent as an amateur musician.
Born in Milan, Italy, Claudio Abbado was the son of violinist and composer Michelangelo Abbado,〔 and the brother of the musician Marcello Abbado (born 1926). His father, a professional violinist and a professor at the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory, was his first piano teacher. His mother also was an adept pianist. Marcello Abbado later became a concert pianist and teacher at the Rossini Conservatory in Pesaro. His sister also exhibited talent in music, but did not pursue a musical career after her marriage. His other brother later became a successful architect.〔〔
Abbado's childhood encompassed the Nazi occupation of Milan. During that time, Abbado's mother spent time in prison for harbouring a Jewish child. This period solidified his anti-fascist political sentiments.〔 However, his musical interests also developed, with attendance at performances at La Scala,〔 as well as orchestral rehearsals in Milan led by such conductors as Arturo Toscanini and Wilhelm Furtwängler. He later recalled that Toscanini's periods of abusive behaviour to musicians in rehearsal repelled him.〔 Other conductors who influenced as a child were Victor de Sabata and Rafael Kubelík.〔 At age 15, he met Leonard Bernstein, who commented, "You have the eye to be a conductor."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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